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تمام زمانها بر حسب GMT + 4 Hours ميباشند
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23 مهر 1385 - 17:33 |
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 نويسنده |
پيام |
ardalan
مدير سايت
عضو شده در: 26 اسفند 1383
پست: 929
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| عنوان: دو مقاله جالب در باره گوسفند |
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در ادامه تاپيك گوسفندان مضطرب اين مقاله هم به نوعي روانشناسي گوسفندان هست كه دوستان علاقه مند َميتوانند لاتين اونو اينجا ببينند
مقاله اول - گوسفندان ميتوانند احساسات و عواطف را از روي چهره تشخيص دهند
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Sheep like smiles say researchers
Sheep can recognise emotions in facial expression, not only in their species but also in humans, researchers say.
Researchers at Cambridge University have discovered sheep prefer smiling or relaxed human faces, over angry or stressed ones.
Neuroscientist Dr Keith Kendrick and his team believe the findings may offer insights into some human conditions.
Three years ago, the team found sheep could recognise 50 individual sheep faces and remember them for two years.
"Sheep are able to recognise faces that differ by less than 5% so we thought perhaps they could recognise emotions which are much more subtle," Dr Kendrick said.
"It turns out they can, both human, smiling versus angry; and sheep, stressed versus calm."
Scientists presented the sheep with two doors they could push open to gain food. On one would be a picture of a smiling human or a happy sheep, on the other an angry human or a stressed out sheep.
"They vastly preferred to press the smiling human or the animal that has just had a meal and is feeling all right with life," said Dr Kendrick.
Psychiatric conditions
Dr Kendrick and his researchers at the university's Babraham Institute believe their finding may offer valuable insights into autism, schizophrenia and a rare disorder called prosopagnosis which leaves the sufferer unable to recognise faces.
But the research also has wide reaching implications for animal welfare.
Dr Kendrick said: "This does open up the possibility that they have much richer emotional lives than we would give them credit for.
"If sheep, which in terms of domestic animals tend to be right down the bottom of the league table for intelligence, can do this then the likelihood is that other species can too."
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23 مهر 1385 - 17:35 |
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| نويسنده |
پيام |
ardalan
مدير سايت
عضو شده در: 26 اسفند 1383
پست: 929
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| عنوان: |
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مقاله دوم هم در همان بحث بالايي است
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Amazing powers of sheep
Sheep may be brighter than we think.
According to British scientists, they probably experience some degree of emotion and could even be capable of conscious thought.
This astonishing verdict is based on the ability of sheep to remember old faces, be it a member of the flock or even a shepherd.
"The way the sheep's brain is organised suggests they must have some kind of emotional response to what they see in the world," Dr Keith Kendrick, of the Babraham Institute, Cambridge, told BBC News Online.
"It does beg the question that sheep must potentially be able to think about individuals that are absent from their environment," he said.
New studies have revealed that sheep can remember up to 50 sheep faces as well as familiar human faces, such as their shepherd.
They do this using a similar neural mechanism, and a similar part of the brain, to that of humans. Memories only start to fade after about two years of absence.
One inference is that sheep are capable of conscious thought at some level, says Dr Kendrick.
"We [humans] are obviously capable of conscious perception of faces using this exact same system in the brain as is present in the sheep," he told BBC News Online.
"Therefore, it would be surprising if they were not capable of some level of consciousness using that same system."
Old faces
The Cambridge team made their discovery by presenting sheep with 25 pairs of similar faces.
Click here to see a sample pair of sheep faces
The animals were trained to associate each of the pair with a food reward, learning to recognise individual faces.
The scientists then measured activity in regions of the sheep's brain associated with visual recognition.
As in humans, these reside in the temporal and frontal lobes of the brain, including a greater involvement of the right hemisphere.
They found that sheep could remember 50 other sheep faces, even in profile.
...but possibly not cats and dogs
The farm animals were then shown two old faces - a sheep and a shepherd.
Even after two years apart, the sheep still responded to the faces, calling out in recognition.
The specialised face-processing system in the sheep brain offers advantages for long-term recognition of many individuals that are similar to those for humans, say the Babraham researchers.
"In humans, analogous brain regions and neural circuits are activated equivalently when we see or form mental images of the faces of specific individuals," they write in the journal Nature.
"This suggests that sheep may be capable of using the same system to remember and respond emotionally to individuals in their absence."
Medical applications
The team says the work has implications for medicine, as well as animal husbandry.
It could shed light on a rare human condition where people are unable to recognise faces.
The remarkable memory of sheep could extend to other farm animals.
Goats, cattle and horses probably have a similar ability to recognise faces, says Dr Kendrick.
But dogs and cat have poorer visual systems and may not be as well equipped.
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شما نمي توانيد در اين بخش موضوع جديد پست كنيد
شما نمي توانيد در اين بخش به موضوعها پاسخ دهيد
شما نمي توانيد موضوع هاي خودتان را در اين بخش ويرايش كنيد
شما نمي توانيد موضوع هاي خودتان را در اين بخش حذف كنيد
شما نمي توانيد در اين بخش راي دهيد
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